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Chart patterns

Twelve shapes, each with a diagram, a trigger, a target and the level that proves you wrong.

Updated 2026-08-308 min read
The short answer

Chart patterns are recurring shapes that describe how a market consolidates before continuing or reversing. The useful ones are head and shoulders, double tops and bottoms, ascending and descending triangles, bull and bear flags, cup and handle, rising and falling wedges, and the support and resistance concept underneath all of them. Each has a trigger, an invalidation level and a rough measured target.

How to use a pattern properly

A pattern is not a prediction. It is a structure that gives you three specific things, and the third is the one most people skip.

One

A trigger

The specific event that activates the idea, usually a close beyond a defined level rather than a touch of it.

Two

A target

A rough measured move, typically the height of the pattern projected from the breakout point.

Three

An invalidation

The level that proves you wrong. Decide this before you enter. This is the only part that actually protects you.

Take care
Patterns fail regularly. That is normal and it is fine, provided the invalidation was defined in advance and the position was sized so being wrong is survivable.

The twelve patterns

Left shoulderHeadRight shoulderNecklineBreakdown
Reversal, bearish

Head and shoulders

Three peaks with a taller middle one, signaling that buyers ran out of strength.

How to read it
Left shoulderHeadRight shoulderNecklineBreakout
Reversal, bullish

Inverse head and shoulders

The same shape upside down, marking the end of a downtrend.

How to read it
Top 1Top 2Trigger line
Reversal, bearish

Double top

Two attempts at the same high, both rejected.

How to read it
Bottom 1Bottom 2Trigger line
Reversal, bullish

Double bottom

Two tests of the same low that both hold.

How to read it
Flat resistanceRising lowsBreakout
Continuation, usually bullish

Ascending triangle

A flat ceiling with rising lows underneath, showing buyers getting more aggressive.

How to read it
Flat supportFalling highsBreakdown
Continuation, usually bearish

Descending triangle

A flat floor with falling highs above it, showing sellers pressing.

How to read it
PoleFlag channelContinuation
Continuation, bullish

Bull flag

A sharp rally, then a tight orderly pullback, then continuation.

How to read it
PoleFlag channelContinuation
Continuation, bearish

Bear flag

A sharp drop, a weak drift upward, then more selling.

How to read it
CupHandleOld highBreakout
Continuation, bullish

Cup and handle

A rounded recovery followed by a small dip, then a breakout.

How to read it
Highs falling fasterLows falling slowlyBreak up
Reversal, bullish

Falling wedge

Two downward sloping lines converging, with selling losing momentum.

How to read it
Highs rising slowlyLows rising fasterBreak down
Reversal, bearish

Rising wedge

Two upward sloping lines converging, with buying losing momentum.

How to read it
ResistanceSupportBreak, then flip
Foundation

Support and resistance

The single most useful concept on any chart, and the base for every pattern above.

How to read it

An honest note on all of this

Technical analysis is contested, and reasonably so. Some of what makes patterns work is self fulfilling: enough people watch the same shapes that their reactions create the move.

Two things are worth holding at once. Patterns describe genuine crowd behavior at levels where a lot of decisions were previously made. And any single pattern in isolation, without trend context and volume confirmation, is close to a coin flip.

Common questions

Do chart patterns actually work?

They describe real behavior and they are not reliable in isolation. Their value is in defining a trigger and an invalidation, which lets you manage risk. Treating them as forecasts is where people go wrong.

Which pattern is the most reliable?

Support and resistance, which is not really a pattern but the concept every other one is built from. Beyond that, patterns that agree with the higher timeframe trend fail less often than ones that fight it.

How do I know if a pattern has failed?

Define the invalidation level before you enter. If price closes beyond it, the pattern failed. Deciding afterward is how a small loss becomes a large one.

Where to go next

Spot these on a live chart with us

We look at real charts together and identify what is actually forming, including the cases where the answer is nothing and you should wait.