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Sending instructions, not just assets, between blockchains.
Moving tokens between chains is the well known case. The more general capability is sending arbitrary messages, so a contract on one chain can trigger an action on another.
This enables governance votes that execute across networks, collateral on one chain backing a loan on another, and applications that span several chains while presenting as one. It also multiplies the attack surface considerably.
A DAO could vote on Ethereum and have the result automatically execute a treasury action on Arbitrum.
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